ドイツのフランクフルト=アルゲマイナー新聞の病原性大腸菌(EHEC)の記事, Who is H104:H4?

ドイツのフランクフルト=アルゲマイナー新聞の病原性大腸菌(EHEC)の記事

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Intestinal germ EHEC
Who is HUSEC 41?
Some call him Husdec 41, the other O104 ; H4. What makes the new intestial germ so dangerous? Is he just a old acquaintance? The disease detectives are hot on his heels.
06 June 2011
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Intestinal germ Ehec Who is Husec 41? Some call him Husec 41, the other O104: H4. What makes the new intestinal germ so dangerous? Is he just an old acquaintance? The disease detectives are hot on his heels. Volker Stollorz
print send page previous short-memory copy link TeilenTwitter06. June 2011 2011-06-06 10:25:16 Three questions could be answered by the consumers these days like: Where does the pathogen? What makes him so dangerous? How can I protect myself and my loved ones? Alone is known to answer the last question. Simple measures like hand washing, strict food hygiene and a temporary waiver from certain foods rich in general of good. An infection from person to person has been observed only in exceptional cases.
It becomes more difficult with the other two questions. Although scientists were able to Munster a week ago one of the first molecular profile provide fairly aggressive intestinal germ. But then it was confusing: Two teams took the floor, who had independently sequenced the genome of the pathogen. Some called him Husec 41, the other O104: H4.

© DAPD In the petri dish is just as lively as he multiplies in the human digestive tract. There, he can certainly inflict nasty damage The research team at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf believes since then, keep a never-before-seen "super toxic agent" in hands, the second team from Münster and Berlin, however, interprets the same letter in the genetic material as an indication that it is the nasty germs to a " These old acquaintances, "who in the vast family of pathogenic bacteria of the type Escherichia coli snapped a few genes and recombined. This is the life of these microbes not uncommon: it is simply their way of sex.
Prominent member of the intestinal flora Actually, E. coli, a harmless intestinal inhabitant, the indigestible digested and its human host is usually accompanied by side in peace from the cradle to the grave. As a prominent member of the intestinal flora, it helps to keep less harmless pathogens such as salmonella. However, unsuspected E. coli strains are temporarily displaced from their close relatives who have learned in the course of evolution to cause disease. The list of these unpleasant fellows includes hundreds of variants and is getting longer, because it let the stool samples of patients using modern methods sift through ever more detailed. Experts share the different Kolikeime today mostly in groups with names such as ETEC, EIEC, EPEC, DAEC, EAEC or just Ehec. The classification is based on the way, how the microbes attach to intestinal villi, in addition to stability and toxicity of the toxins that they carry around with them.
About
Ehec crisis sprouts could be the cause Ehec crisis: the search for pathogens Here it is unfortunately complicated: the genetic information for their toxins usually sit on so-called plasmids. These are circular DNA molecules that replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome. They are transmitted over a protrusion of the cell wall, the so-called sex pilus, from one tribe to another. Through such a gene can, for example, a germ-EAEC be reprogrammed to a Ehec bacterium. The feeding habits of the host, the composition of its intestinal environment and the genetic makeup of the question nucleus then decide whether an infection is harmless if it causes watery or bloody diarrhea or even, as in the case Ehec family, in the threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome flows.
Which explains its special danger? Ehec germs possess as a characteristic of the blueprint for so-called Shiga toxins. They attack the walls of blood vessels can burst and platelets. The toxins themselves are not an invention of Escherichia coli, but in turn originate from tiny parasite, known as bacteriophages. These are viruses that are transmitted during their journey from seed to seed as a cab genes from one bacterium to another, whenever and wherever it suits genetically. In this way, the genes for Shiga toxin 2 to be reached sometime in the current Husec41 strain.
Explained that now his special danger? Apparently not. According to Helge Karch, one of the world's leading Ehec experts, who at the Hygiene Institute gathered at the University Hospital of Münster in recent years, a total of 42 different Husec strains of the Shiga toxin possesses the currently rampant seed compared to other "no exceptionally high toxicity ". An above-average aggressiveness is not contained in the previously known sequence of the Shiga toxin. These findings confirm several experts interviewed abroad. Horror stories in the pathogen if it were a return of Pestkeims or even a biological weapon, in any case unfounded.
Husec 41 hardly differs from an earlier isolate One possible explanation for the seriousness of the cases that occurred could be instead that the germ has acquired the capacity for increased adherence to villi. Thus he would be able to destroy the gut wall and rapidly trigger excessive immune reactions. The toxins being released into the bloodstream in greater quantities and more frequently a cause hemolytic uremic syndrome. We know also that particular type of bacteria EurAsEC a kind of mucus carpet can form in the intestine, which protects them from the attacks of the immune system.
That's the theory. However, after initial results from Muenster Husec 41 different in this respect too much from an earlier isolate of the same strain that was first found in 2001 at a Cologne siblings. A detailed comparison of these two genetic strains of bacteria might indicate if and why the current actual pathogen has become more aggressive.
"Any food with raw vegetables" So far could not be identified anywhere in the world is a common factor that would occur at all Ehec germs that cause the fatal HU syndrome. Is perhaps worth noting at Husec 41 from Northern Germany, only one thing: The tribe had simply not yet had an opportunity to trigger an epidemic.
Thus the question arises as to the source of infection. Here, the researchers practically groping in the dark. Several studies published on Friday by the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin have been able to corroborate only the suspicion that it must have been when the question about raw food salad, cucumbers and tomatoes need. Gérard Krause, Head of Epidemiology at Berlin's Robert Koch Institute, believes "pretty sure" that there are "any foods with raw vegetables" act, which was marketed regionally in northern Germany or came to a hub in the trade.
Many possible sources of contamination Further details were not possible. Even after intensive questioning of a group of thirty was Sweden, half of whom fell ill following a trip to Hamburg, not a hot trace to be found. The analysis of magnetic cards in a Frankfurt canteen, had occurred in prior to the first nationwide alarm severe diarrheal disease was confirmed, but that it was the visit to the salad bar, which increased the risk of infection by a factor of seven.
Thus the focus is inevitably on the vegetable industry. On the way from field to fork many sources of contamination are possible. Maybe it was contaminated water in the wash, where the vegetables in the vicinity of the fields will be cleaned. Maybe it was a dirty transport containers. Even the hypothesis that not the salad, but maybe get the salad dressing as a seed source in question could not be eliminated entirely, says Krause. But would also have carrots and other raw vegetables have caused illnesses. This applies to all surveys of patients to be extremely unlikely: "We have also in dairy products like yogurt and cottage cheese found nothing, although that was our initial hypothesis, yes."
"The infection process calms down slowly" The question is: What happens next? By an increasing spread in Germany and beyond, if only out of the question, because it encompasses almost all cases outside of North Germany explained by corresponding travel. So far 369 cases with HUS appears to be a center of the outbreak in Schleswig-Holstein to lie. Are also similarly affected Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony.
For causing confusion, as always in such cases that circulate every day new figures, which are collected by different criteria. So it's still too early to say whether the germ from spreading or not. After the data currently available Krause, could be the source of infection since dried up: "The infection process calms down slowly."
The detectives Ehec Until next Wednesday will be observed at the Robert Koch Institute reported cases yet. But even if the number of new infections in the coming days would be significantly reduced, remains a dilemma: The decline could be based simply ensure that no contaminated foods are more commercially. Or the fact that the majority of citizens do without consistently on lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers. The Ehec detectives are currently conducting surveys on eating habits.
In the end it might go the other way around as hunters plague her famous role model Robert Koch. The future Nobel laureate was in 1892 when the cholera epidemic in Hamburg's harbor while locating the source of infection by contaminated water was responsible. The actual pathogen but he was not yet at that time.
Text: F.A.S. Pictures: DAPD



Reader opinions on the contribution [2] Note reference to Robert Koch 07th June 2011, 13:28 Take Robert Koch but finally a model! 06th June 2011, 20:13