小児麻痺は、シリア、パレスチナ、イスラエル、イラク(2014年のみ)、アフガニスタン、パキスタン、ナイジェリア、カメルーン、赤道=ギニア(2014年のみ)、ソマリア、エチオピア、(ケニヤ:2013年のみ)に伝播増加。
La polio continúa su expansión
Irak y Guinea Ecuatorial registran casos en 2014 tras años de ausencia
La OMS declara una “emergencia de salud pública de interés internacional” ante la propagación
La OMS teme una propagación internacional de la polio
Emilio de Benito Madrid 5 MAY 2014 - 19:44 CET
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Polio continues to expand
Iraq and Equatorial Guinea recorded cases in 2014 after years of absence
WHO declares a "public health emergency of international concern" to the spread
WHO fears an international spread of polio
Emilio de Benito Madrid 5 MAY 2014 - 19:44 CET
Polio is now in 10 countries in 2014 , two more than in all 2013. And that despite the early months of the year are considered unlikely season for this virus . With the increase of the infection and the risk of spreading , the World Health Organization (WHO ) has assembled a committee of experts, and the conclusion is the declaration of a " public health emergency of international concern ," a kind of warning that we must act if you do not want to lose all the gains in recent years , which made this severely disabling (or even fatal) disease the next candidate to disappear from the planet, after smallpox ( eradicated in 1980 ) . The two new countries reporting cases are Equatorial Guinea and full IrakEn , the Global Initiative for the Eradication of Polio has registered 68 cases of the disease this year , while during the same period of 2013 were 24 (an increase of 183% ) .
The international monitoring of the polio virus is so intensive that it knows where they come from and where circulating . One reason that most concerns the WHO experts is that in the first months of 2014 have already been several polio exports ( from Syria to Iraq , Equatorial Guinea Cameroon to Pakistan and Afghanistan ) .
In its statement, the WHO experts divide the affected countries into two groups: those that export capacity (Syria, Cameroon and Pakistan) and the rest (Nigeria , Afghanistan, Equatorial Guinea , Ethiopia , Iraq , Israel - including Palestinians and Somalia) territories. By contrast, in Kenya , where there were cases last year , yet there has been none .
Source: WHO . / COUNTRY
Overall , polio is now confined to three areas: the Middle East , the Horn of Africa and Gulf of Guinea. They travel which , for example, kept alive the second of these foci , and in him there is no country where the virus is endemic .
In so far this year, cases have increased by 183 % from 2013
To prevent the spread of the virus , WHO issued a recommendation , especially : to ensure that all residents or who are expected to reside in the country a dose of intravenous or oral polio vaccine at least four weeks before travel . If you can not plan so long that received at least one dose at the time of departure. The idea is to prevent travelers become transmitters of the virus.
Another condition would be that you could do mass vaccination campaigns in the affected countries . But as you can see by the list of these , many are conflicting territories , with active civil wars. And war works against attempts to shift health personnel. There have also been religious resistance. If anti-vaccine groups who refuse to immunize their children saying they do not want to artificially expose a virus, even one attenuated or destroyed in some Muslim countries are fundamentalists who refuse , partly on principle and partly in the West because they will not allow entry to international groups, usually NGOs but also from government agencies, which are indispensable to carry out vaccination campaigns .
moreIndia released polioEradicating polio among Afghan communitiesMurdered in Pakistan that three health vaccinated against polioWHO confirms ten cases of polio in Syria and warns that it could spreadThe polio decreased by 66 % in 2012
Polio , unlike other viruses only transmitted from human to human . No reservoirs such as birds or pigs in the case of flu, the camels in coronavirus affecting the Arabian Peninsula ( all cases that have been out , including one in the U.S., must be from this region travelers ) or bats and apes and rodents Ebola that now continues to expand by Guinea and Liberia.
Vaccination is the key tool to achieve the goal set 20 years to eradicate polio from the planet. In principle, this goal was scheduled for 2000, but , as shown by the data, has not been achieved .
This is possible thanks to a simple formulation, which allows to be given orally to children - are famous pictures of medical sticking a syringe into the mouth of babies or giving them sugar cubes dipped in the drug - to make them more attractive , or injected ( a system suitable for adults ) .
The vaccine , in fact, has a formulation which could be considered old : inactivated viruses are used . So in counts copies of virus that are identified must distinguish between wild ( harmful ) or from vaccines. The trouble is that 60 % of detected viruses are part of the first group, which are those that can cause disease : paralysis of limbs , pain and even death.
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