大気汚染は、WHOによると、世界で毎年七万人年を殺す
La contaminación mata a siete millones de personas al año, según la OMS
La mala calidad del aire es el principal riesgo medioambiental para la salud
Uno de cada ocho fallecimientos se relaciona con la exposición a ambientes contaminados
Las enfermedades prevalentes son los ataques cardiacos y los accidentes cerebrovasculares
Elena G. Sevillano Madrid 25 MAR 2014 - 09:25 CET
Una imagen de la contaminación en Barcelona. / CARLES RIBAS
An image of pollution in Barcelona. / Carles Ribas
バルセロナ汚染のイメージ。 /カルレス·リバス
Une image de la pollution à Barcelone. / Carles Ribas
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Pollution kills seven million people a year, according to WHO
Poor air quality is a major environmental risk to health
Every eighth deaths related to exposure to contaminated environments
The prevalent diseases include heart attacks and stroke
Elena G. Sevillano Madrid 25 MAR 2014 - 9:25 CET
If contamination is reduced, could save millions of lives. That is the message I wanted to convey yesterday the World Health Organization (WHO ) to quantify the deaths that occur in the world as a result of exposure to air pollution . Some seven million deaths in 2012 , one in eight of all deaths - could be attributed to poor air quality, the report concludes . The figure is more than double previous estimates , 2008 to 3.2 million deaths attributed to pollution.
" This is the first environmental health risk ," said Maria Neira , Director of WHO's Department of Public Health , Environmental and Social Determinants of Health , on the phone from Geneva. Neira explains that we must distinguish between the estimate of deaths caused by air pollution , and -2.6 million attributed to the so-called indoor pollution : an estimated 4.3 million deaths are due to poor quality indoor air . " There are nearly 3,000 million people worldwide still cook with open fires , stoves , charcoal and biomass. This causes incomplete combustion and these particles are inhaled , especially women and children . Mortality is dramatic , it is a very serious public health problem , "he adds .
"Since we propose that the WHO air quality is a global public good . As a citizen there are things you can do for your health, such as healthy eating or exercise, but there are others that do not depend on you, but state policies . Air is one of them. The quality of the air you breathe does not depend on the choices we make each of us , "said Neira . Hence the study . "We made a huge effort to publish such data, not by intellectual curiosity , but to demonstrate the health impact of pollution. Citizens must know in order to put pressure on the decision makers , "he concludes .
The WHO insists that the problem affects everyone, both developing and developed countries . "Europe has made great strides in reducing pollution , especially in cities by removing large industries , but still has problems, basically the traffic and the way we heat our buildings or chilled . That's where we have great room for improvement , "said Neira . The Board recognizes that some cities make good decisions , but adds that generally react to specific pollution episodes such as Paris a few days , which drowned out by extremely high levels of particles ago, decided to restrict driving on odd or even tuition and provide free public transport . " For each pollutant are two figures for maximum exposure : the annual and daily . It would be good that cities consider annual measures and put in place policies for sustainable transport : improving public transport , making it more accessible , cheaper, to discourage private car use , "he adds .
The WHO report shows that pollution is more harmful than previously thought and suggests a much closer link between exposure to dirty air and respiratory , cardiovascular , cerebrovascular accident (stroke ) and cancer . An agency of WHO, which researches cancer (IARC , its acronym in English ) , updated , the highest ranking a few months what is known as encyclopedia carcinogenic pollution and placed at level 1 makes , for substances for which no scientific doubt . Dozens of papers in scientific journals have demonstrated the relationship between pollution and other chronic diseases.
The WHO assessment includes a breakdown by disease deaths due to air pollution . Most are caused by ischemic heart disease (40 % ) and stroke (40 % ) accidents , the rest from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11% ) , lung cancer (6 %) and acute infections of the lower respiratory tract in children ( 3%). Estimates have been made by combining mortality data , satellite measurements , ground surveillance , emissions and models of travel patterns of pollution.
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