the consequence of the accident at Chernobyl ;26-04-2010

Today 24 years have passed since the technological accident at Chernobyl. It has been nearly a quarter century, however, and devastating damage that was caused to the country, disaster disaster, which claimed thousands of lives forever remain a black spot in the history of Ukraine.

Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the anniversary of the Chernobyl tragedy was the risk assessment for the nation's health.


Radiation condition


Against the backdrop of the overall stabilization of the radiological situation in Ukraine, the tendency to further complication of radiation components in environmental exclusion zone. It is this area remains a source of pollution and virtually all components of the environment. Through processes of redistribution and migration of radionuclides is the formation of secondary sources of radioactivity, making them potentially dangerous.

The main migration path of radiation outside the zone is river flow - river Pripyat. Particular products, won "samoposelentsyamy" in nature: fish, wild animals, mushrooms and berries, most are not suitable for consumption because the specific activity of cesium and strontium in them far exceeds the limit. Consumption of such products can significantly increase the level of dose received by internal exposure and increase the risk of oncology, leukemia, hereditary diseases, etc..

Therefore, the MOH Ukraine advises not to buy specified products to natural market, which is not radiation.


Health care affected


Today, comprehensive health care of victims of the Chernobyl disaster is funded by the budget program "Integrated health care and treatment of cancer with the use of expensive medical technologies citizens affected by the Chernobyl disaster (ICPC 3,201,210). Ministry of Health is administered funds under this budget program.


Thyroid


Radiation effects of the Chernobyl disaster suffered primarily northern regions of Ukraine. They, according to the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism is a region of moderate iodine deficiency. It is possible that as a rapidly absorbed thyroid radioactive iodine during an accident, especially focused on children and adolescents. In this condition, people often quickly become afflicted with thyroid cancer.

But the problem of iodine deficiency in Ukraine today can not be considered resolved, though the Institute of Endocrinology has considerable achievements in this field. Now when the appropriate state action.

The problem of the incidence of thyroid cancer from the Chernobyl disaster, remains urgent and present.

If you compare the incidence of 100 000 population among children and adolescents by age at the time of the accident, it is obvious gradual increase in this index over time. So according to clinical and morphological Registry Institute of Endocrinology for people who were children at the time of the accident noted that the growth rate of 28.8 times, and for those who were teenagers - in 12.4 times, respectively in 2006 - 2008, compared with 1986 - 1989's, when the increase in cases among this age have not been observed. Radiation nature "Poslechernobylskoe" thyroid cancer highlights the current difference between the incidence rates (more than 2.5 times in 2008) in the six most polluted northern regions and the rest - 21 regions of Ukraine. Based on the above, should be noted that the observation of the thyroid gland, requires long-term monitoring.

Those who were children and adolescents at the time of the accident, remember that they are at high risk of developing thyroid cancer, so they should apply to every doctor endocrinologist and undergo ultrasound of the thyroid gland to timely detection of tumors.


Internal exposure


Now the bulk of the additional radiation dose people living in Chornobyl-affected territories of Ukraine, due to internal exposure. It occurs due to contaminated food. Most of all radioactive parts contained in milk, meat and mushrooms.

Food is an important factor in the current environmental situation in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases and reducing the dose of internal radiation.

Research the necessity of raising standards in the diet consumption of dairy products, vegetable oils, fruits and vegetables, vitamins and trace elements. At the same time should take into account age, gender and professional needs of quantitative and qualitative components of food.


Respiratory apparatus


After the accident, during the significant release of radioactive dust was observed lesions of the upper respiratory tract. But since that time has passed 24 years. And today of respiratory diseases, particularly upper respiratory tract, are in the structure of children's pathology is one of the leading positions and represent about 65% of them - 85% falls on acute respiratory infections (ARI). But the main etiological factor is not of radioactive dust, and much kontahioznist and high prevalence of respiratory viruses.

Basic epidemiological aspects of acute respiratory diseases:

- PDG up to 90% of all infectious diseases in children


- Almost every child is sick during the year to PDG. Often sick children of preschool age. (From the 1000 children age 0-17 years suffered last year, on average, 914 children, among children under school age children sick in 1160 with 1000, ie children under 6 years of sick more often).


- Higher incidence in urban areas (especially at high levels of industrial pollution)

- The loss of state on a case PDG = $ 100-150. For the patient - $ 15-100.

Therefore, prevention and treatment of those diseases are in focus pediatricians. Without timely and adequate treatment of these diseases can take abnormal, followed by chronicity or inflame existing chronic diseases.

What parents should know to prevent influenza infection of children and ODS?

- Teach children to wash their hands frequently with soap and water for 20 seconds;

- Parents should also perform this procedure, which serves as a good example for children;

- Teach children to cough and sneeze into a tissue or your arm;

- Parents should also perform this procedure, which serves as a good example for children;

- To teach children not to treat patients closer than a half - two feet;

- Sick children should stay home (do not attend preschool and school);

- Children and parents to refrain from visiting crowded places.

- Should not engage in self-treatment. Appropriate patient medication only appoints doctor!

You must provide the child with a diet including age, health status, physical activity, the individual characteristics of children, seasons, family food traditions, socio-economic status families.

- Parents should ensure that in the diet in sufficient quantity of such foods as milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables instead of high-depleted and beneficial ingredients such as food "fast food" (chips, hamburgers, etc.), ice cream, fried food , cookies, candy, sweet drinks;

- Limit sedentary lifestyle (television, computer, gaming devices allow no more than 1-2 hours a day) to encourage compatible with parents walk in the fresh air;

- Follow the recommendations of experts on physical activity, length of stay in the fresh air and recreation for children depending on age.

And most importantly - parents own example to show the child a healthy lifestyle.




Cancer


Among all groups affected by the Chernobyl accident, there is a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. Incidence of this pathology liquidators exceeded national rates of 5.6 times, evacuees - in 4,4 times, residents of contaminated areas - in 1,4 times.

In women liquidators incidence of breast cancer at 1.5 times higher than the national average level.

In the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident also found a higher incidence of leukemia.


Reproductive Health and Newborn Health


According to statistics, in 2009 under the supervision of health facilities that are under the management of Health of Ukraine, there were 1,090,002 women aged 0 to 85 years and older suffered from the consequences of the Chernobyl accident.

From the total number of women 507 897 persons - 46.6% of women of fertile age 15-49 years.

Analysis of incidence suggests that infertility in women, victims of the Chernobyl consequences, registered three times more often than in general population.

Incidence of reproductive system in women suffered from the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, almost two times more than in the population.


Press Service of Health of Ukraine