EL PAIS
スペイン女性の体内の水銀汚染は、欧州平均を100とすると670で最悪、ポルトガルは570、キプロスは210、デンマークは170、ルクセンブルグは170、ベルギーは160。黒鮪やメカジキなどの魚の消費が多いのが原因。
Las españolas superan seis veces la media de mercurio europea
Un estudio realizado en 17 países con 1.848 parejas de madres e hijos revela altos niveles de contaminantes ambientales
El consumo de pescado influye
Elena G. Sevillano Madrid 12 JUN 2013 - 23:12 CET
http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2013/06/12/actualidad/1371071001_720485.html
de diferentes organismos.
Spanish exceed six times the average European mercury
A study in 17 countries with 1,848 pairs of mothers and children revealed high levels of environmental pollutants
Fish consumption influences
Elena G. Sevillano Madrid 12 JUN 2013 - 23:12 CET
The presence of mercury in the body of Spanish women is more than six times higher than the average of 17 European countries. It is one of the project's findings Democophes, who has studied the exposure to environmental contaminants in five women and children: mercury, cadmium, cotinine, phthalates and bisphenol A. Substances is of concern to the experts for their health effects. Mercury, whose high levels are explained by the high consumption of fish such as bluefin tuna and the emperor, is considered a neurotoxin that affects child development. The Ministry of Health recommended in 2011 that pregnant women and children under 3 years not to consume these species for that reason.
A preliminary study done only in Spanish population presented in 2011 by Algeria Brown, head of Environmental Toxicology Health Institute Carlos III and project coordinator in Spain Democophes, and showed high levels of mercury. Brown said then that data should not be cause for alarm. This new analysis, funded by the European Union, took place between September 2011 and February 2012 and offers the only published summary comparison between countries and not absolute data. The limits "permissible" mercury vary as recommended by different agencies.
Source: Project Democophes. / COUNTRYThe scientific teams of the 17 participating countries recruited 1,844 pairs of mothers and children-children between 6 and 11 years and women under 45 years-and took urine and hair samples and then analyze these five exposure to contaminants. For Bisphenol A had fewer partners, 621.
Years on suspicion
2003. Sharks. In 2011, the environmental organization Oceana succeeded, after three years of litigation, it was made public a 2003 report from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography on the presence of mercury in swordfish, mako and blue sharks. In these three species the concentration was much higher milligram of metal per kilogram of animal, which is the maximum allowed. Specifically, 62.5% of the 128 samples exceeded mako maximum allowable mercury. 54.2% of swordfish samples were above the legal limit 79% mercury and cadmium exceeded the limit. In the shark, the number of samples exceeding the permissible concentration drops to 50%. In bluefin tuna only four samples were above the limit. Following the report, the fishing industry requested an official correction by the alarm created.
2011. Babies. The mercury (and other pollutants) babies pass from the mother before and after delivery. A study conducted between May 2004 and August 2008, 1,883 samples analyzed umbilical cord in Spain. The investigators concluded that 64% had levels above 5.8 micrograms of methylmercury per liter of blood, the level considered acceptable.
By region, in Asturias exceeded the 75.6% to 49.1% in Sabadell, in Valencia for 68.4% and 64.7% in Gipuzkoa.
Although the sample is not representative of the European population, the authors note, they recommend further study is the first time it is evaluated in a harmonized way citizens' exposure to these substances. All countries used "a standardized methodology of analysis," explains Ferran Ballester, an epidemiologist at the Centre of Public Health Research (CSISP) of the Generalitat Valenciana. By using the same protocol, the results are comparable although analyzes were made in different laboratories.
We show that in Spain the presence of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine, ie, a product of its transformation in the body) is also high. It is the fifth country after Romania, Hungary, Czech Republic and Poland, where the levels of this substance in the urine of children who participated in the study are higher. Nearly double the average. This biomarker can identify the degree of exposure to snuff. Furthermore, levels of phthalate metabolites, chemicals in everyday products made of plastic and cosmetic are also high in Spain, according to the study. It is the fourth country where the analysis results were higher in the urine of children.
"We know there are many diseases related to chemicals," said Ana Fresno yesterday, the Deputy Assistant Director General Air Quality and Industrial Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, during a conference on food contaminants organized by the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition. Fresno devoted part of his speech on risk management of contaminants in the environment list Democophes study findings, the science teams of the participating countries presented last November. "As expected, the levels of mercury in Spain are high and increase with age, which is normal since the most influential factor is the consumption of fish," he said. Mercury accumulates in the body.
The expert noted that cotinine levels are "above the EU average," like those of phthalates in urine. Instead, the cadmium is below. Fresno also stressed that Spain appears only slightly above average in the case of bisphenol A, a chemical used to make packaging hard as bottles or tupperware and in the linings of food cans. This compound has been associated with diseases like diabetes, infertility, breast cancer and prostate cancer. The European Union removed it from the baby bottles in 2011.
The five contaminants analyzed in the study are under the microscope of international and national organizations dedicated to ensuring the health of the population. In the case of phthalates and bisphenol A, the World Health Organization warned in a report last February of the hazard-also known disrupters, endocrine disruptors, compounds found in plastics and creams, able to simulate the behavior of hormones, which pose a "global threat" for their health effects, according to this organization.
Mercury also worries experts. Last January over 140 countries closed in Geneva a global pact to restrict their use. From 2020, it is prohibited in batteries, lamps, relays and cosmetics, and controlled emissions from thermal plants, cement and chemical. It will progressively abandoned in dentistry, has been used in amalgam fillings, but will continue to use as a preservative in vaccines and other devices for which there are no substitutes. The treaty was called Minamata Convention, name of the Japanese town in the fifties suffered a mass poisoning by methylmercury discharges to sea. It was this accident that experts revealed the dangers of this substance. The population of Minamata was poisoned by eating contaminated seafood and suffered brain damage, paralysis, slurred speech ...
The study by the Institute of Health Carlos III of 2011 showed that communities with more presence of this heavy metal in the body of its inhabitants were Andalusia, Murcia, Valencia, Galicia, Asturias and Cantabria. The least, Castilla y Leon, one of the areas where less fish is consumed. Levels, on the other hand, similar to other countries that include a lot of fish in your diet, such as Mediterranean and Japan, then explained the author, and higher between 6 and 10 times for Germany, the United States and Canada. This new European study, which the Ministry of Health is not valued yesterday, confirms the huge difference between Spain and its European neighbors.
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